tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5541260446800030932024-03-20T18:20:31.460+07:00Just ShareTempat iseng yang mudah-mudahan bermanfaat buat orang lainUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-554126044680003093.post-42685542635731846852013-12-03T17:20:00.003+07:002014-05-03T22:39:14.808+07:00Mika Full Movie 2013<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="id" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<b style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Mika</b><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_drama" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Film drama">film drama</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> yang dirilis pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_Januari" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="17 Januari">17 Januari</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="2013">2013</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> yang disutradarai oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasja_Fauzia_Susatyo" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Lasja Fauzia Susatyo">Lasja Fauzia Susatyo</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> dan dibintangi oleh </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vino_G._Bastian" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Vino G. Bastian">Vino G. Bastian</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velove_Vexia" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Velove Vexia">Velove Vexia</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">.</span></h1>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Film ini adalah adaptasi dari novel</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waktu_Aku_Sama_Mika&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; color: #a55858; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Waktu Aku Sama Mika (halaman belum tersedia)">Waktu Aku Sama Mika</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">yang ditulis oleh</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Indi">Indi</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">. Pada 30 April 2013 film ini diputar di IFF Melbourne Australia.</span><br />
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Indi menutupi hubungannya dengan Mika dari Ibunya (Donna Harun) karena dia tahu ibunya tidak suka dengan Mika yang jauh lebih tua dan bertato. Ketika hubungan mereka semakin dekat, Mika mengungkapkan satu rahasia tentang dirinya: Ia mengidap penyakit AIDS.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Masalah mulai berdatangan ketika kondisi Mika yang semakin lemah dan masa lalunya mulai terungkap. Bapak Indi (Iszur Muchtar) dan Ibu dan teman-teman Indi mulai mengetahui soal Mika dan masa lalunya. Tetapi mereka tidak tahu hal-hal indah yang telah dilakukan Mika untuk Indi. Setelah kematian sahabatnya (Framly Nainggolan), Mika mundur dan meninggalkan Indi dengan penuh pertanyaan. Mika tahu waktunya telah dekat dan tidak mau Indi nanti merasa lebih sakit. Dibalik kesedihan Indi setelah ditinggal Mika, dia tahu bahwa Mika justru membuatnya semakin hidup dan berusaha untuk mengalahkan kondisi kesehatannya.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Download Filmnya Disini : </div>
<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download/3vgll0nbd5cotim/Mika+2013+Movie.mkv" target="_blank"><b>Mediafire</b></a><br />
<br />
<h2 style="background-color: white; background-image: none; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.1875px; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Pemeran">Pemeran</span></h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Velove Vexia sebagai Indi</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Vino G. Bastian sebagai Mika</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Donna Harun sebagai Ibunya Indi</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Iszur Muchtar sebagai Ayahnya Indi</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Framly Nainggolan sebagai sahabat Mika</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Anggi Bian Oktaviano</li>
</ul>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-554126044680003093.post-59138382261359594602012-01-22T20:37:00.000+07:002014-05-03T22:40:07.421+07:00Apa itu SKS Dalam Kuliah ?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<h3>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 16px;"><b>Apa itu SKS Dalam Kuliah ?</b></span></span></h3>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">SKS = Sistem Kredit Semester</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Setauku sks yang untuk kuliah itu seperti beban atau bobot yang dikenakan pada setiap mata kuliah. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Beban atau bobot itu = durasi waktu yang harus kita luangkan untuk mata kuliah tersebut, cth seperti ini:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">1 sks = durasi 50 menit untuk suatu mata pelajaran</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">2 sks = durasi 2 x 50 menit untuk suatu mata pelajaran</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Jadi contohnya mata kuliah FISIKA memiliki 3 sks,</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">jadi dalam 1 minggu aku belajar FISIKA selama:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- 3 x 50 menit = 150 menit (2,5 jam). 150 menit ada yang dihabiskan dalam 1 hari atau bisa juga 2 hari atau 3 hari.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Contoh kuliah FISIKA selama 1 hari dalam seminggu:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- Hari jumat mulai jam 10.00 - 12.30 (150 menit)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Contoh kuliah FISIKA selama 2 hari dalam seminggu:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- Hari selasa mulai jam 10.00 - 10.50 (50 menit)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- Hari kamis mulai jam 09.00 - 10.40 (100 menit)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Contoh kuliah FISIKA selama 3 hari dalam seminggu:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- Hari senin mulai jam 10.00 - 10.50 (50 menit)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- Hari kamis mulai jam 09.00 - 09.50 (50 menit)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- Hari sabtu mulai jam 11.00 - 11.50 (50 menit)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Di univ tempatku kuliah 1 semester itu = 14 minggu. Jadi selama 14 minggu, dalam 1 minggu itu aku belajar FISIKA selama 150 menit. Kalo 14 minggu = 14 x 150 menit.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Setiap mata kuliah SKS-nya beda2. Ada yang cuma 1 SKS, ada yang 2 SKS, paling gede sih 4 SKS.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Jadi kalo mau ambil mata kuliah aku harus punya jatah SKS dari fakultas, dan jatah SKS tiap semester itu beda tergantung nilaiku.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Misal pada semester 1 nilaiku (Index Prestasi / IP) = 3,5. Maka aku dapat jatah total 24 SKS untuk semester berikutnya (semester 2).</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Kalo pada semester 2 nilaiku = 2,5. Maka aku dapat jatah total 20 SKS untuk semester berikutnya (semester 3).</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Kalo pada semester 5 nilaiku = 1,1. Maka aku dapat jatah total 14 SKS untuk semester berikutnya (semester 6).</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Semakin rendah nilaiku semakin sedikit SKS yang ku dapat untuk semester depan.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Kalo pada semester 5 nilaiku = 1,1. Maka aku dapat jatah total 14 SKS untuk semester berikutnya (semester 6). Misal sekarang semester 6 dan aku cuma punya jatah 14 SKS maka aku bisa ngambil mata kuliah cuma dikit, contoh:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Mata kuliah ku pada semester 6:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- FISIKA 3 SKS</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- PPKN 2 SKS</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- BIOLOGI 4 SKS</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- INGGRIS 3 SKS</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- KIMIA 2 SKS</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">________________ +</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">TOTAL = 14 SKS</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Ya udah itu aja mata kuliahku untuk semester 6, padahal aku mau ngambil mata kuliah agama(2 SKS) dan bahasa indonesia (3 SKS), tapi ga bisa dan pasrah karena jatahku gak cukup. Itu yang bisa bikin kuliah jadi lama, karena aku harus nunggu semester depan untuk ngambil 2 mata kuliah tadi, padahal semester depan ada mata kuliah lain yang lebih penting yang harus ku ambil.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Makanya usahakan dapat nilai bagus supaya bisa dapat jatah SKS yang banyak pada semester berikutnya. Kalo aku cara ngaturnya, jangan ambil mata kuliah yang susah semua dalam 1 semester, tapi disusupi dengan mata kuliah yang lebih mudah untuk dapat nilai tinggi. Trus juga perhatikan mata kuliah yang beralur.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Trus untuk setiap mata kuliah kan kita akan dikasih nilai, nilainya itu berkisar antara A mpe E.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">A = Baik sekali = 4 poin</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">B = Baik = 3 poin</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">C = Cukup = 2 poin</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">D = Kurang = 1 poin</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">E = Kurang sekali = 0 poin</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Jadi misal semester 6 hasil yang kudapat adalah</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- FISIKA dapat A = 3 SKS x 4 = 12</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- PPKN dapat B = 2 SKS x 3 = 6</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- BIOLOGI dapat E = 4 SKS x 0 = 0</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- INGGRIS dapat C = 3 SKS x 2 = 6</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">- KIMIA dapat A = 2 SKS x 4 = 8</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">____________________________+</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Total nilai = 12 + 6 + 0 + 6 + 8 =32</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Nilaiku :</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Nilai total dibagi total SKS = 32 dibagi 14 = 2,28</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">dengan nilai 2,28 aku dapat jatah 20 SKS untuk semester depan. Pembagian jatah SKS biasanya tergantung tiap2 univ.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;" /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Moga membantu.. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px;">Aku capek ngetik ini semua, ga kerasa, keasikan, mau membatalkan tapi terlanjur ngetik banyak..</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-554126044680003093.post-86771765922013081172012-01-20T08:11:00.001+07:002014-05-03T22:40:47.049+07:00How to Gues Meaning from Context Article<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">OLEH : </span><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 115%;">AGUS TRIYANTO </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;">11522221</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;">PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small; line-height: 115%;">FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">YOGYAKARTA</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">2011</span></span></div>
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<h3>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><b>How to Gues Meaning from Context Article</b></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;">VOCABULARY
IN CONTEXT</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The context is the
setting – the sentence and paragraph – in which a word or phraseappears. The
meaning of a word or phrase in </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">context
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">is its meaning in the
particular sentence and paragraph in which it is used. A single English
word can have many different <span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">meanings. Its
precise meaning always depends on the context in which it is used.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Use both </span><i><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">context clues</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> and </span><i><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">word parts</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> (part of speech) to help you understand the
meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">Identify
the meaning of the following words:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">dromedary garrulous sedentary sycophant<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12pt;">Context
clues</span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">are words and phrases in a sentence which help
you reason out the meaning of an unfamiliar word. Oftentimes you can figure out
the meanings of new or unfamiliar vocabulary by paying attention to the
surrounding language. The chart below gives the types of clues, signals and
examples of each clue.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Types of Context<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Clue</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 131.9pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Definition</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Signals</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Examples<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Restatement or Synonym
clue</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Another word
or phrase with the sameor a similar meaning<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">is used.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.7pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">in other word, thatis,
also known as, sometimes called, or<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">The <i>dromedary</i>,
commonly called a camel, stores fat in <span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">its
hump.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Antonym or contrast
clue<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 131.9pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Phrases or words
thatindicate opposite<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.7pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">but, in contrast,
however, instead of, unlike, yet<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">Unlike
his quiet and low key family, Brad </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">is<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">garrulous<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.8pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Definition or example
clue<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 131.9pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Phrases or words
thatdefine or explain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.7pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">is defined as, <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">means, the term, [a
term in boldface or italics] set off with commas<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sedentary<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">individuals, people
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">who are not very active, often have diminished
health.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.8pt;" valign="top" width="160"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">General knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 131.9pt;" valign="top" width="176"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">The
meaning isderived from the </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">experience and background <span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">knowledge of the </span>reader; “common<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">sense” and logic.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.7pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The information may be
something basically familiar to you</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.4pt;" valign="top" width="151"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Lourdes is always <span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">sucking up to the</span> boss, even in
front of others. That<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">sycophant<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">just
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">doesn’t care what <span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;">others think of her </span> behavior.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In addition to context clues are word parts:
prefixes, roots and suffixes. These come into the English language from several
other languages, but many of the oldest are Greek or <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">Latin in origin.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Exercise 1</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">: <b><i>Use context clues to answer
vocabulary-in-context questions involving words with multiple definitions.
Choose the correct answer.</i><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. Every atlas
has its own <i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">legend.</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Mythical story b) Famous person <i>c) Explanation of symbols</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">2. The
planet Mercury is visible to the <i>naked</i>
eye but is not the easiest planet to spot. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Unclothed <i>b) Unaided</i> c) Unarmed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">3. Above
the snow line, any mountain hollow is permanently <i>occupied</i> with snow.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">a) Filled </span> </span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">b) Busy<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. The glass
factories of Toledo, Ohio, <i>boomed</i>
after Michael Owens invented a process that turned out bottles by the
thousands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Exploded b) Resounded <i> c) Prospered</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. Dr. Rene Dubos, a
French physician who came to the US in 1924, searched for substances that
would <i>check</i> the growth of bacteria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a) Restrict</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> b) Investigate<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">6. The root
of the horseradish plant has a <i>biting</i> taste.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Chewing <i>b) Sharp</i> c) Sarcastic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">7. The double-bass
is shaped like a viola and has a <i>deep</i>,
rich tone. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a) Valuable</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> b) Resonant c) Abundant<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">8. A public library
is a resource the entire community can <i>draw
on</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Illustrate b) Approach <i>c) Utilize</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">9. A business <i>concerns</i> with two or more owners is
referred to as a partnership.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a) Firm</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> b) Worry<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">10.
Table salt is <i>finer</i> than rock salt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a) Made up of smaller particles</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> b) Of better quality c) Freer of impurities<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">TECHNIQUES
TO GUESS MEANING FROM CONTEXT</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">You do not need to look up the meanings of
all new words in a dictionary when you</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">encounter new vocabulary. You can often guess
the meanings of many words from the<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">context.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">What is the context?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suppose someone were to ask you the meaning of “<i>bear </i>”. You wouldn’t be able to
tell him because “<i>bear </i>”, as presented to you, has no context.
But if he were to say “<i> polar bear </i>”,you would immediately
know he is talking about animal. If, on the other hand, he were to say, “<i>Please
stop that smoking – I can’t bear it </i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">”,
you would know that in the context</span>“<i>bear </i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">” means </span><i>endure </i>or <i>stand</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Why is the context important?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">An important point for those of us who want to enlarge our
vocabularies is this: the context<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">can give
us the meaning not only of familiar words like “</span><i>bear </i>”, but
also of strange words.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suppose, for example, you were asked for the meaning of “<i>valiant </i>”. You might not know
it, unless, of course, you already have a fine vocabulary. But if you wereto
meet “<i>valiant </i>” <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">in the
following context, you would have a very good chance of discovering its
meanings:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">“Cowards die many times before their deaths<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The valiant never taste of death but once”.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">(William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">From the above context you can tell the author is contrasting two
ideas “<i>cowards</i>” and“<i>thevaliant </i>”. Therefore, “<i>the
valiant </i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">” means the opposite of “</span><i>cowards</i>”,
namely “<i>brave men</i>”.“<i>Valiant </i>” means “<i>brave</i>”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">TECHNIQUE
1: USING THE VERB “TO BE”</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">The object following the verb “to be” is frequently used
to identify the subject.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. A
<i>salmon</i> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">is a fish<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. <i>Hypoxia</i> is
an illness caused by a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues of the body.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.
The <i>atom</i> is the smallest part of a chemical element that can exist
and still have the properties
on the element.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. A
<i>meteorite </i>is a falling star that reaches the Earth without burning up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. A
<i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;">drone</span></i> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">is a male bee.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">TECHNIQUE
2: USING APPOSITIVES</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A
noun or noun group which follows a noun and is set off by commas is an
appositive. It<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">identities the noun it
follows.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1. <i>Mercury</i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">, the silver-colored metal used in the
thermometers, is usually in a liquid form.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. <i>Pacemakers</i>,
small electrical devices that stimulate the heart muscle, have saved many<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">lives.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. <i>Morse
code</i>, a system of telegraphic signals composed of dots and dashes, was
invented <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">by
Samuel F.B. Morse.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. <i>Studying
supernovas</i>, the catastrophic explosions of dying stars, may give answers
toquestions of modern cosmology.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">5. Many young couples likes to spend their
honey moon in a</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">resort
area</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt;">, a
beautiful area.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">TECHNIQUE
3: USING “OR ”</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 115%;">A word is sometimes identified by a synonym following
the word “or”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.
The <i>husky</i>, or <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">sled dog, of the
North is hardy breed.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">2. <i>Altitude</i>,
or the height above sea level, is a factor that determines climate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. In
some American Indian tribes, the <i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;">squaw</span></i>,
or woman, was the owner of all property.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. Thcentral nervous system of
grasshoppers, fruit flies, and other insects includes both the brain and a
chain of simpler segmental <i>ganglia, </i>or <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">groups of nerve cells</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. <i>Claustrophobia</i>,
or the fear of being enclosed, is more common than many people realize<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">TECHNIQUE
4: USING PUNCTUATION</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Punctuation marks are sometimes used to set
off a word which is being used to identifyanother word. Some of the common
punctuation marks are:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">commas
, brackets []<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">dashes
- single quotation marks ‘ ’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> parentheses ( ) double quotation marks “ ”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. In laser printing, the greater the
number of <i>dpi</i> (dots per inch), the higher the quality of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">the image produced.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2.<i> Intensity </i>– loudness of softness – <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">depends on the extent or amplitude of vibrations.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. A children’s art lesson produced a
room full of <i>unique</i> pictures, each one completely different from
the others.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. If you are<i>ectomorphic </i>(the
slender type), you are likely to be good in such sports as track, tennis, and
basketball.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5. <i>Oral history </i>– the use of the tape
recorder to capture memories of the past in private interviews – has become
increasingly popular among professional historians.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6. In many western societies, people
highly value<i> individualism</i> – the differences among<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> people, but most Asian societies value</span>
<i>discipline</i>, self-control.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7. Modern medicine and new methods of
food production allow adults to live longer and babies to<i> survive</i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">, not die
soon after birth.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">8. Students often
do badly on exams in the </span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">hot months</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">of the year (March and April).</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">TECHNIQUE
5: USING EXAMPLES</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">A word is sometimes identified by examples.
These terms often include examples:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> as like such as for example for instance</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. <i>Creatures</i> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">such asthe camel and penguin are so highly specialized that they can onlylive
in certain areas of the word.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Camping <i>paraphernalia</i> astents,
sleeping bags, and cooking equipment can range fromvery simple to quite
complex.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Much can be done to halt
the process of <i>desertification</i>. For example, an asphalt
like petroleum can be sprayed onto sand dunes, and seeds of trees and
shrubs can then be planted. The oil stabilizers the sand and retains
moisture, allowing vegetation to become established.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. In Japan, people use <i>landmarks</i>
in their directions. For example, the Japanese will say,“To straight down to
the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past the fruit market. The post
office is across from the bus stop.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">TECHNIQUE
6: USING CLAUSES</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Adjective clauses sometimes identify words.
They are introduced by the words:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">that where who when which whom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Recent tests
show that silver <i>sulfadiazine</i>, which is a compound used
in the treatment of burns,
can cure the most serious types of African sleeping sickness.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. The <i>kiva</i>,where Pueblo Indians hold
their secret ceremonies, is entered by an opening <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">in the roof.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. <i>Melody</i>, whichis the succession of
sounds, takes on new interest when fit into arhythmic pattern.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">4. <i>Non-lethal </i> techniques,
those that do not kill coyotes, are being developed to protect sheep and other livestock.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">TECHNIQUE
7: CONTEXT WITH CONTRARY WORDS</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Sometimes another word or words in another
sentence or sentence part has the opposite<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">meaning
from a new vocabulary item.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">But In contrast However Unlike<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Don’t <i>digress</i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">. Stick to the topic.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Failure is
common in regular classes,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> but</span>in
honors classes it’s<i> rarity</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. I tried reading Lou’s notes but
I found them <i>illegible</i>. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">However </span>,
your notes were easy toread.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">4. I do not
</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">shrink </span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">from this responsibility; I welcome it.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5. Dad is
an experienced driver, but Mother is a<i> novice</i>; she
began taking lessons just last <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">month.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6. When we got to the beach, my sister
and I were<i> impatient</i> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">to
get into the water,</span> but Dad <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">was
not in a hurry.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7. The dealer is giving up his newsstand
because the profit is too small. He hopes to go <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">into a more</span><i> lucrative
</i>business.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">8. When you lead
a discussion, it is unfair to call only on your friends. To be </span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">equitable</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">you should call on everyone who raises
his hand.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">9. Parking on our side of the
street is <i>prohibited</i> on weekdays between 4pm and 7pm<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;"> but</span> permitted at all other
times.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">TECHNIQUE
8: CONTEXT WITH SIMILAR WORDS</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sometimes
you may discover the meaning of a new word or expression from a
similar word or expression in the context.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. The Empire State building,
which has more than a hundred stories, is the world’s tallest <i>edifice.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> 2. Iunderstand <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">the first problem, but the second is beyond my </span><i>comprehension.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Jane’s little brother has
discovered the <i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;">cache </span></i>where
she keeps her toys. She has to find another <span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">hiding place</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">4. Why are
you so</span><i><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">timorous</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: -0.75pt; line-height: 150%;">? I
tell you there is nothing to</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> be afraid of .<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">5. Some children who are <i>reserved </i>with
strangers are not at all uncommunicative <span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;">with
</span>friends.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">6. I thought the uniforms were
of the 1914-1918 period, but I was told they belong to
anearlier <i>era.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">7. Why should I<i> retract </i> my
statement? It is a perfectly true remark, and I see no reason to<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">withdraw</span>it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">8. Students attending private schools
pay <i>tuition</i>. In the public schools, however, there is no charge for
instruction.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">TECHNIQUE
9: USING REFERENTS</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Referents are words that refer back of
forward to other words in the sentences or paragraph.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">this/that these/those such/such a (an) the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">1. The groom struggled with his<i>tuxedo</i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;">. He wondered why he had to wear </span>the se<span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;">kinds of </span>clothes to get married.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">2. At
least 50 weed species fight off competition by emitting<i> toxins </i>from
their roots, leaves, or seeds. These poisons do their work in a dozen ways
such as inhibiting germination of seeds and destroying photosynthesis abilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Emma was told to put the sheets in
the <i><span style="letter-spacing: 0.75pt;">hamper </span></i>, but she
found the basket too full of soiled clothes to fit the sheets in.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-554126044680003093.post-90877395319689416122012-01-20T07:53:00.003+07:002013-12-02T15:49:40.533+07:00Contoh Laporan Kunjungan Industri<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">PT.
KEDAULATAN RAKYAT</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Oleh
:</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">AGUS
TRIYANTO 11522221</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">PROGRAM
STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">FAKULTAS
TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">UNIVERSITAS
ISLAM INDONESIA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">YOGYAKARTA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2011<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">KATA
PENGANTAR<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Puji
syukur kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas izinnya saya dapat mengerjakan dan
menyelesaikan Laporan kunjungan Industri di PT. Kedaulatan Rakyat.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Laporan ini berisikan tentang
sejarah berdirinya PT. Kedaulatan Rakyat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-indent: 0.5in;">Saya menyadari bahwa
laporan ini masih jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran dari
semua pihak yang bersifat membangun selalu saya harapkan demi kesempurnaan
laporan ini.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Akhir kata, saya sampaikan terima
kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah berperan serta dalam penyusunan laporan ini
dari awal sampai akhir. Semoga Allah SWT senantiasa meridhai segala usaha kita.
Amin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Yogyakarta,09 Desember
2011</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">A.LATAR BELAKANG</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-indent: 35.45pt;"> Kunjungan Industri merupakan rangkaian kegiatan
dari Ajang Kreatifitas dan Silahturahmi Teknik Industri (AKSI TI). Suatu</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-indent: 35.45pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-indent: 35.45pt;">kegiatan yang diadakan rutin setiap tahun
oleh Teknik Industri. Dalam rangkaian kegiatan AKSI TI Camp tahun ini selain
camping dan outbound yang berlokasi di Gunung Lawu, terdapat juga rangkaian kegiatan
kunjungan industri yaitu berkunjung ke PT. Kedaulatan Rakyat (surat kabar) dan
CV. Karya Hidup Sentosa yang merupakan pabrik traktor (Quick).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-indent: 35.45pt;">Disini saya mengunjungi PT. Kedaulatan Rakyat
yang berlokasi di Jalan P.Mangkubumi no 40-46 Yogyakarta.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara produksi dalam pabrik, dan merumuskan
masalah yang ada di perusahaan tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-indent: 35.45pt;">Di pabrik
ini saya melihat beberapa percetakan/cara mereka melakukan proses pembuatan
surat kabar dan kantornya. Dalam kunjungan industri ini saya akan mereview
kembali sejarah berdirinya PT. Kedaulatan Rakyat yang berada di Yogyakarta.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">B.TUJUAN</span></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Pemecahan masalah yang terdapat di PT. Kedaulatan Rakyat (pabrik koran)
tersebut. Pertama yang saya lihat adalah lingkungan kerja yang kurang di
perhatikan (kotor), tempat bahan baku yang kurang memadai, ditempatkan tidak
pada tempat yang layak atau tidak ditempatkan disebuah ruangan khusus untuk
penyimpanan bahan baku tersebut. Dari beberapa yang saya perhatikan adalah dari
segi keamanan kerja yang kurang, contohnya pekerja yang tidak memakai peralatan
yang memadai/keselamatan kerja.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Dan
suhu ruangan yang tinggi menurut saya dapat mengganggu proses kerja para pekerja
dan dapat mempengaruhi hasil akhir dari produksi koran tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">C.SEJARAH BERDIRI</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Kedaulatan Rakyat adalah sebuah industri perusahaan
yang bergerak dibidang jurnalistik yang didirikan oleh “<i>H.Samawi</i> <span class="apple-style-span"><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">(1913-1984)
</span></i></span>dan <i>H.Soemadi Martono Wonohito</i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #999999;"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">(1912-1984)</span></i></span>”. Mereka berdua adalah mantan wartawan surat kabar Jepang yaitu “<i>Sinar Mati</i>”.
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Kedaulatan
Rakyat adalah surat kabar harian
yang diterbitkan di Yogyakarta sejak 27 september 1945. Nama harian “<i>Kedaulatan
Rakyat</i>” sendiri diambil dari UUD 1945 alinea ke 4, Kedaulatan Rakyat (<b>KR</b>) diresmikan oleh Menteri Penerangan
Bapak Harmosa pada tanggal 27 september 1985.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Pertama
kali diterbitkan Kedaulatan Rakyat hanya memiliki 16 halaman kemudian
berkembang sampai memiliki 24 halaman dan oplahnya naik menjadi 12.500
Eksemplar. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Koran
Kedaulatan Rakyat terbit pada masa penjajahan Jepang yang dulunya koran ini
sempat dicekal oleh pihak penjajah karena para penjajah khawatir pemberitaan
yang disuguhkan oleh Kedaulatan Rakyat akan mempengaruhi rakyat untuk menentang
penjajah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Koran
Kedaulatan Rakyat adalah koran kedua yang pernah dicekal oleh pihak penjajah.
Sebelumnya adalah koran berbahasa Jawa yang pernah dicekal. Lalu pihak penjajah
(Jepang) membuat surat kabar bernama “<i>Sinar Matahari</i>”. Isi dari koran
tersebut adalah pemberitaan yang semuanya berpihak pada penjajah dan berusah
mencoba mencuci otak penduduk pribumi dengan pemberitaan-pemberitaannya. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Namun
berkat kegigihan dari para pemrakarsanya, koran Kedaulatan Rakyat (KR) masih
dapat kita baca dan nikmati sampai sekarang. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Menurut salah satu sumber mengatakan
bahwa koran Kedaulatan Rakyat terdapat di posisi ke 6 untuk para pembacanya se-Indonesia
karena mencapai 660.000 koran yang di baca setiap harinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">D. TENTANG KEDAULATAN RAKYAT</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Kedaulatan Rakyat merupakan surat kabar lokal Yogyakarta
yang terbit setiap harinya. Di bawah Naungan PT.BP. Kedaulatan Rakyat Group,
Kedaulatan Rakyat memiliki berbagai media diantaranya media cetak dan media
online sebagai sarana informasi berita. Kedaulatan Rakyat memiliki berbagai
konten berita yang terdiri dari Yogyakarta, Jawa Tengah ,Nasional,
Internasional, eksbis, pendidikan, sport, lifestyle, wisata , teknologi dan
konten konsultasi penanggalan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Dalam pendistribusiannya koran Kedaulatan Rakyat didistriusi ke berbagai daerah
sekitar Yogyakarta dan ada 9 kota yang mendapat distribusi koran Kedaulatan
Rakyat antara lain yaitu Jogja, Gunung Kidul, Bantul, Magelang, Purworejo dan 4
kota lainnya. Kedaulatan Rakyat juga
mendistribusikan koran-korannya keluar daerah yaitu Jawa Tengah dan Jakarta
yang khususnya dipesan oleh Badan Legislatif yatiu DPR (Dewan Perwakilan
Rakyat) sebanyak 1000 eksemplar perharinya.</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-indent: 35.45pt;"> Dalam pengerjaannya koran Kedaulatan Rakyat
memproduksi dengan dua tahap pengerjaan, yaitu pada tahap awal dimulai dari jam
5 sore sampai dengan jam 8 malam untuk bagian pembuatan berita dan pengeditan
beritanya. Kemudian pada tahap akhir</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-indent: 35.45pt;">yang dimulai
jam 11 malam sampai jam 2 pagi untuk bagian percetakan dengan total
pekerja 20 hingga 21 orang yang terbagi menjadi 8 orang di tahap awal dan 10
sampai 11 orang ditahap akhir</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-indent: 35.45pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; text-indent: 35.45pt;">Pendistribusian koran dimulai dari jam 2.30 pagi sampai jam 4 pagi.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-indent: 35.45pt;"> Proses pembuatan koran Kedaulatan Rakyat (KR)
diawali dengan pengumpulan berita, pengeditan, pencetakan pada aluminium yang dilakukan di Mangku Bumi,
kemudian di kirim ke Jogja dan di proses sampai akhirnya dicetak menjadi surat
kabar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-indent: 35.45pt;"> Ada beberapa macam jenis mesin yang dipakai dalam
pencetakan, yaitu goss, magnum dan
uniman. Jika terdapat kerusakan pada mesin-mesin
dipabrik, waktu yang digunakan untuk memperbaikinya adalah siang hari. Karena pencetakan
koran dilakukan pada malam hari, maka pada siang harinya dilakukan pengecekan
kondisi mesin-mesin percetakan di pabrik.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">E. RUMUSAN MASALAH</span></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Apakah keadaan lingkungan disekitar pabrik
sudah cukup bersih? <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Terganggukah para pekerja pada sirkulasi
udara yang kurang baik diruang kerja tersebut?<o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">F. SOLUSI</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">1.Sepertinya dalam masalah lingkungan yang kurang bersih
menurut saya mengatasinya cukup mudah, hanya saja butuh perhatian khusus/lebih
bagi para pangurus bagian kebersihan, hanya kurang diperhatikan saja.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">2.Dari hasil kunjungan industri yang
telah saya lakukan yang mengangkat sedikit masalah tentang sirkulasi udara
pabrik yang kurang baik, ada beberapa faktor penyebab sirkulasi udara di pabrik
kurang baik yaitu: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> 1. Tempat yang kurang spesifikan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> 2. Mesin yang menimbulkan panas <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Kapasitas
percetakan yang kurang luas/lebar</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">
<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> Jika
sirkulasi udara masih belum maksimal, dapat menggunakan system pembuatan katup
udara agar udara dapat bersikulasi
dengan baik, walaupun pengaruhnya tidak terlalu besar. Ventilasi exhaust
electric fan, yaitu exhaust fan yang penggeraknya menggunakan tenaga listrik,
menggunakan cara seperti ini dapat membuat udara bersikulasi dengan baik, namun
perlu dipertimbangkan dari segi biaya listrik dan perawatannya. Turbin
Ventilator adalah sejenis exhaust fan yang digerakan oleh tenaga angin dan
dipasang pada atap dengan tujuan agar panas yang berada didalam ruangan ditarik
keatas. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-554126044680003093.post-79115877132862101092012-01-20T07:41:00.000+07:002014-05-03T21:35:40.716+07:00Pengantar Teknik Industri : Model Simulasi Monte Carlo<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<h3>
<b><br /></b></h3>
<h3>
<b>Pengantar Teknik Industri : Model Simulasi Monte Carlo</b></h3>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Jika suatu sistem mengandung elemen yang mengikut sertakan faktor kemungkinan, model yang digunakan adalah model Monte Carlo. Dasar dari simulasi Monte Carlo adalah percobaan elemen kemungkinan dengan menggunakan sampel random (acak). Metode ini terbagi dalam 5 tahapan:</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1.Membuat distribusi kemungkinan untuk variabel penting</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2.Membangun distribusi kemungkinan kumulatif untuk tiap‐tiap variabel di tahap pertama</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3.Menentukan interval angka random untuk tiap variabel</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4.Membuat angka random</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5.Membuat simulasi dari rangkaian percobaan</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Penjelasan dari ke 5 tahapan tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1.Membuat distribusi kemungkinan untuk variabel penting</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Gagasan dasar dari simulasi monte carlo adalah membuat nilai dari tiap variabel yang merupakan bagian dari model yang dipelajari. Banyak variabel di dunia nyata yang secara alami mempunyai berbagai kemungkinan yang mungkin ingin kita simulasikan.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Salah satu cara umum untuk membuat distribusi kemungkinan untuk suatu variabel adalah memperhitungkan hasil di masa lalu. Kemungkinan atau frekuensi relative untuk tiap kemungkinan hasil dari tiap variabel ditentukan dengan membagi frekuensi observasi dengan jumlah total observasi</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Contoh: Permintaan akan ban di toko ban “Benjol” selama 200 hari kebelakang terlihat di tabel berikut:</div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
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Tabel 1.</div>
</div>
<div>
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Permintaan Frekuensi</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
0 10</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 20</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 40</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3 60</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4 40</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5 30</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
200 hari</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Kita dapat merubah keadaan tersebut diatas menjadi distribusi kemungkinan (bila kita asumsikan tingkat penjuala dimasa lalu akan tetap bertahan sampai ke masa depan) dengan membagi tiap permintaan dengan total permintaan. Seperti pada tabel berikut:</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tabel 2.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Variabel Permintaan Kemungkinan terjadi</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
0 10/200 = 0.05</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 20/200 = 0.10</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 40/200 = 0.20</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3 60/200 = 0.30</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4 40/200 = 0.20</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5 30/200 = 0.15</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
200/200 = 1.00</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2.Membangun distribusi kemungkinan kumulatif untuk tiap‐tiap variabel di tahap pertama</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Konversi dari distribusi kemungkinan biasa, seperti pada kolom kanan tabel 2 menjadi distribusi kumulatif dilakukan dengan menjumlahkan tiap angka kemungkinan dengan jumlah sebelumnya seperti pada tabel 3.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tabel 3.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Variabel Permintaan Kemungkinan Kemungkinan Kumulatif</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
0 0.05 0.05</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 0.10 0.15</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 0.20 0.35</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3 0.30 0.65</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4 0.20 0.85</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5 0.15 1.00</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Probabilitas kumulatif terlihat pada gambar dibawah, digunakan pada tahap ke 3 untuk membantu menempatkan nilai random</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3. Menentukan interval angka random untuk tiap variabel</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Setelah kita menentukan probabilitas kumulatif untuk tiap variabel yan termasuk dalam simulasi, kita harus menentukan batas angka yang mewakili tiap kemungkinan hasil. hal tersebut ditujukan pada interval angka random. Penentuan interval didasari oleh kemungkinan kumulatif</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tabel 4. Interval Angka Random</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Permintaan Kemungkinan Kemungkinan Kumulatif Interval Angka Random</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
0 0.05 0.05 01 s/d 05</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 0.10 0.15 06 s/d 15</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 0.20 0.35 16 s/d 35</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3 0.30 0.65 36 s/d 65</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4 0.20 0.85 66 s/d 85</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5 0.15 1.00 86/d 100</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4.Membuat angka random</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Untuk membuat angka random kita bisa menggunakan software Microsoft Excel dengan menggunakan perintah Randbetween, misal untuk angka random dari 1‐100, kita tuliskan perintah: =randbetween(1,100) dan diulangi sejumlah baris yang diperlukan</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5.Membuat simulasi dari rangkaian percobaan</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Kita bisa membuat simulasi dari sebuah eksperimen dengan mengambil angka random dari gambar diatas, misal kita akan membuat simulasi untuk 10 hari, kita ambil Kolom A1‐A10. Cara penentuan permintaan adalah dengan ditentukan oleh angka random. Contohnya bila angka random adalah 56, angka itu terletak pada interval 36 s/d 65 yang berarti permintaan 3 buah ban</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Hari Angka Random Permintaan (Simulasi)</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 28 2</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2 50 3</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3 78 4</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4 8 1</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5 16 2</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
6 61 3</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
7 98 5</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
8 51 3</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
9 45 3</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
10 21 2</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
28</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Total permintaan untuk 10 hari adalah 28 ban, rata‐rata permintaan per hari adalah 2,8 ban</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-554126044680003093.post-36719165329447529102012-01-20T05:31:00.000+07:002012-01-22T22:51:07.993+07:00Kearifan Lokal Sumatera Utara<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><br />
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<b style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">PENATAAN RUANG KAWASAN DANAU TOBA</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Kawasan
danau toba merupakan salah satu kawasan pariwisata andalan indonesia yang
terletak diprovinsi Sumatra utara secara administratife kawasan ini meliputi
tujuh kabupaten yaitu tapanuli utara , Humbang Hasundatan, Toba ,Samosir
Simalunggun, Karo, dan Dairi luas keseluruhan Danau Toba sendiri sekitar
372.681 hektar meliputi 259.721 hektar daratan dan 112.960 hektar
perairan(tubuh air)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Selain
fungsi pariwisata kawasan danau toba berperan penting bagi kehidupan
Profinsi Suamatera Utara terdapat 19 sungai yang mengalirkan airnya dari
daerah tangkapan air sekitar danau ke dalam badan air danau toba dengan hanya
satu sungai yang merupakan pelepasan air dari danau ini yaitu sungai asahan
yang bermuara di pantai timur sumatera utara, Air sungai asahan ini dimanfaatkan
untuk PLTA ASAHAN Yang merupakan salah stu penyuplai listrik diprofinsi
sumatera utara di samping itu danau toba berperan sebagai penyedia air berbagai
aktifitas masyarakat Sumatera Utara peran penting danau toba tersebut
ditambahkan lagi dengan Multiplier effect pada ekonomi wilayah tercipta dari
keberadaan kegiatan pariwisata bersekala internasional di danau toba seperti
kegiatan perdagangan dan jasa peleyanaan yang terkait dengan pariwisata, Dalam
sector pariwisata tercatat 12 unit objek wisata alam 16 unit wisata budaya dan
sejarah 3 unit wisata agama dan 1 unit wisata hutan atau perkebunan sementar
jasa pelayanaan berupa 101 hotel 188 rumah makan 200 toko souvenir 5 money
changer 10 agen perjalanan 8 diskotik dan 6 karoke melihat perannya yang sangat
startegis tersebut sejak tahun 1990 pemerintah sumatera utara telah menerbitkan
peraturan daerah nomor 1 tentang penataan kawasan danau toba perda ini
bertujuan untuk mencapai pemeliharaan lingkungan dan pemanfaatan kawasan danau
toba secara optimal serasi seimbang dan lestari melalui penataan serta
pengendalian pembangunan yang dilaksanakan oleh berbagai instansi pemerintah
dan mayarakat secara terpadu. Perda ini memuat berbagai ketentuan dalam
penataan kawasan meliputi amanat penataan kawasan dalam rencana umum tata ruang
dan rencana pembangunan ketentuan dalam penataan lingkungan meliputi pengaturan
pada kegiatan masyarakat yang dapat mengganggu kelestarian danau toba serat
ketentuan dalam penataan bangunan dan penataan bangunan industri . Perda No
1/1990 juga dilengkapi dengan ketentuan pelaksanaan dan pengawasan serta
kententuan pidana.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">BELAJAR DARI DANAU
TOBA</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Dalam
perjalannya seiring dengan daya tarik pariwisata danau toba yang sangat besar
dan pengaruhnya dalam ekonomi wilayah pengembangan kawasan tersebut telah
memberikan tekanan pada lingkungan yang dibuktikan dengan penurunan muka air
danau yang mempengaruhi pasokan air bagi PLTA Asahan permukaan air danau juga
tertutup oleh eceng gondok mencapai luasan 381.8 hektar . Jumlah penduduk di
tepian danau semakin meningkat diiringi pertumbuhan permukiman baru hotel dan
jasa lainnya yang memberikan dampak negative berupa pembuanngan
limbah cair dan padat ke badan danau selain limbah beberapa prasarana
wisata seperti hotel dan rumah makan menempati kawasan yang kemampuan lahannya
(topografi atau kelereng yang berat dan formasi batuan yang mudah lonsor )
tidak sesuai untuk pembangunan tersebut sehingga memberikan beban yang
semakin berat terhadap lingkungan .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="height: 346px; left: 0px; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 14px; position: absolute; text-align: justify; width: 613px; z-index: -2;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Pada
kawasan sekitar danau juga terdapat masalah penebangan liar yang menyebabkan
hutan menjadi gundul serta alih fungsi lahan hutan menjadi lahan pertanian
pemanfaatan lahan yang tidak sesuai dengan hasil penelitian bahwa dari luas
263.989 Hektar daratan daerah tangkapan air (DTA) DANAU TOBA seluas
149.929 Hektar (56,79%) sesuai dengan rencana tata ruang dan 114.060 hektar
(43,21%) tidak sesuai dengan RTRWP.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Berbagai
permasalahan yang terjadi didanau toba tersebut mendapat perhatian berbagai
pihak terkait sehingga pada tanggal 6 juni tahun 2004 dideklarasikan
kesepakatan pengelolaan Ekosistem Kawasan Danau Toba oleh sembilan
bupati/walikota para ketua <b>DPRD</b>
sekawasan sekawasan danau toba dan sub DAS Asahan serta ketua Otoritas asahan .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Deklarasi
dan dokumen pedoman pengelolaan Ekositem Kawasan Danau Toba No 0401 beserta
dokumen peta kerjanya dengan nomor 0402 atau sering disebut <b>LAKE TOBA
ECOSYTEM MANAGEMENT PLAN (LTEMP)</b> tersebut merupakan pedoman para pemangku
kepentingan dalam melakukan pengawasan Danau Toba berdasarkan aspek kerja
sama lintas sector dan lintas wilayah keberadaan deklarasi dan dokumen menandai
loncatan dalam pola pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan ruang yang bibagun melalui
pendekatan ekosistem dimana disadari oleh pengelola kawasan danau toba hanya
akan berdaya guna dan berhasil guna jika dilakukan bersama-sama serta dengan
mendefenisikan dan mengintergrasikan keberadaan factor-faktor ekologi
ekonomi dan sosial diwilayah para pemangku kepentingan secara
ekologis bukan berdasarkan batas-batas administratif ,sector,kewilayahan
semata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Adapun prinsip pengelolaan yang
disebutkan dalam deklarsi tersebut yaitu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Pemulihan (remediaton)
bertujuan agar keberlangsungan ekositem dapat terjaga dengan didasarkan
pada indicator ekositem yang ditetapkan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Keutuhan dan keberlanjutan
(integrity and Sustainability); dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkankelestarian
ekosistem yang didasarkan pada upaya menjaga keutuhan komponen ekosistem
secara integral dan berkelanjutan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Kerangka kemitraan (partnership
Framework) dimaksudkan untuk setiap kegiatan pembagunan didasrkanpada
prinsip-prinsip rasa memiliki rasa tanggung jawab dan rasa ikut
berpartisipasi sehingga tercipta upaya pengawasan bersama dalam menjaga
kelestarian ekosistem kawasan danau toba .<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Adapun sasaran manfaat dari
pengelolaan ekosistem kawasan danau toba tersebut yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Air di ekosistem kawasan danau
toba layak di pergunakan sebagai air minum<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Danau toba memberikan akses seluas-luasnya
bagi masyarakat untuk berinteraksi dengan ekosistem danau toba
(rekreasi,dapat direnangi dengan aman )<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Lahan didaerah tangkapan AIR
danau toba mempunyai fungsi ekosistem yang optimal<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ikan dan hasil pertanian dari
ekosistem kawasan danau toba layak dikomsumsi atau tidak terkontaminasi<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Air Danau Toba dapat digunakan
sebagai sember tenaga listrik<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Ekositem flora dan fauna dalam
keadaan sehat dan terpelihara keanekaragaman hayatinya<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Udara di ekosiostem kawasan
danau toba dapat mendukung kehidupan ekosistem yang sehat<o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Guna
memastikan arah pengelolaan kawasan danau toba yang optimal disusunlah rencana
Tata Ruang Kawasan Danau Toba yang menjadi pedoman bagi para pemangku
kepentingan kawasan danau toba dalam menyusun rencana tata ruang masing masing
wilayah baik dalam kerangka otonomi maupun kerangka pemgelolaan terintergrasi
diantar para pemangku amanah hal ini sesuai dengan penetapan danau toba sebagai
kawasan startegis anasional(KSN) dalam peraturan pemerintah no 26 tahun 2008
tentang rencana tata ruang wilayah nasional yang berimplikasi pada pentingnya
revisi penataan ruang kawasan danau toba baik secara substansif legal maupun
regulative. Seiring dengan adanya kebutuhan revisi ini para pemangku amanah
sepakat untuk meng-inkorasikan LTEMP dalam penyusunan Rencana tata ruang
kawasan danau toba agar pengelolaan ruang dapat optimal dan berdaya guna
kawasan danau toba dan kajian akdemis revisi perda no 1 tahun 1990 sehingga
semaksimal mungkin dapat memenuhi prinsip <b>LTEMP</b>
hasil kajian akademis ini antara lain memberikan beberapa rekomendasi strategis
pengelolaan kawasan danau toba mencakup aspek-aspek sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Sinkronisasi program
pembangunan daeraha masing-masing pemangku amanah<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Kelembagaan dan organisasi<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">menjembatani kesenjangan
pengambilan keputusan terhadap masalah ekosistem<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Perlunya penyusunan database
pengelolaan ekosistem kawasan danau toba<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Keseimbangan neraca air danau
toba melalui peningkatan fungsi ekologis daeerah tangkapan air<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Pengintergrasikan Das sungai
Asahan ke dalam <b>LTEMP</b><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Konservasi habitat dan
keanekaragaman hayati <b>KDT</b><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Valuasi ekosistem<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Penanganan pencemaran danau
toba<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Penanganan pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan eceng gondok<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Pengamanan melekat oleh
masing-masing stakeholders yang mempunayi limbah<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Selain
itu mempertimbangkan hasil kajian akademis dan muatan <b>LTEMP</b> penyusunan rencana tata ruang kawasan danau toba juga perlu
memperhatikan kearifan lokal yang ada berdasarkan keterangan dari ketua badan
pelaksana badan koordinasi pelestarian ekosistem kawasan danau toba (<b>BP-BKPEKDT</b>) Edward Simanjuntak nilai
kearifan lokal merupakan factor penting yang tidak boleh dikesampingkan nilai
kearifan lokal di sumatera utara “Marsiadapari” dan Manikiri ari”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">“Marsiadap ari “ kurang lebih
bermakna gotong royong yang pada zaman dahulu kala diterapkan pada pembangunan
rumah misal kegiatan gotong royong warga membersihkan kawasan danau toba dari
limbah domestic dan eceng gondok selain itu juga terdapat nilai “ Manikiri ari
“ yaitu berkonsultasi pada tokoh yang disegani mengenai waktu untuk kegiatan
penting seperti waktu tanam pada pertanian waktu untuk kegiatan keluarga
seperti perkawinan, Nilai Manikiri Ari sehingga kegiatan masyarakat lebih
teratur.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Sebagai
contoh kegiatan waktu tanam telah ditentuka sehingga keseburan tanah tetap
terpelihara demikian juga pembanguan rumah warga disarankan untuk menghadap ke
matahari terbit sebagai lambang kehidupan baru yang menyinari bumi. Demikian
juga denga kegiatan masyarakat seperti pembuangan limbah rumah tangga disamping
itu juga terdapat empat nasihat yang berasal dari kearifan lokal yaitu paias
badamo (badan harus bersih) paias paheanmo(berpakain bersih) paias jabung
(rumah harus bersih) jika turut diadopsi dalam implementasi pengelolaan kawasan
danau toba sebagai bagian dari nilai kebudayaan mereka. Kawasan Danau Toba
yang kemudian akan memberikan manfaat bagi kehidupan masyarakat sendiri serta
mendorong pengembangan kegiatan ekonomi pengelolaan lingkungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-554126044680003093.post-42382771593424462052012-01-20T04:42:00.003+07:002014-05-03T21:37:58.728+07:00Kekuatan Raksasa Militer Indonesia Tahun 1960<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b>Kekuatan Raksasa Militer Indonesia Tahun 1960</b></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; line-height: 1.4;">kekuatan militer Indonesia adalah salahsatu yang terbesar dan terkuat di dunia. Saat itu, bahkan kekuatan Belanda sudah tidak sebanding dengan Indonesia, dan Amerika sangat khawatir dengan perkembangan kekuatan militer kita yang didukung besar-besaran oleh teknologi terbaru Uni Sovyet.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1960, Belanda masih bercokol di Papua. Melihat kekuatan Republik Indonesia yang makin hebat, Belanda yang didukung Barat merancang muslihat untuk membentuk negara boneka yang seakan-akan merdeka, tapi masih dibawah kendali Belanda.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Presiden Sukarno segera mengambil tindakan ekstrim, tujuannya, merebut kembali Papua. Sukarno segera mengeluarkan maklumat "Trikora" di Yogyakarta, dan isinya adalah:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. Gagalkan pembentukan negara boneka Papua buatan kolonial Belanda.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. Kibarkan Sang Saka Merah Putih di seluruh Irian Barat</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. Bersiaplah untuk mobilisasi umum, mempertahankan kemerdekaan dan kesatuan tanah air bangsa.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4; text-align: justify;">Berkat kedekatan Indonesia dengan Sovyet, maka Indonesia mendapatkan bantuan besar-besaran kekuatan armada laut dan udara militer termaju di dunia dengan nilai raksasa, US$ 2.5 milyar. Saat ini, kekuatan militer Indonesia menjadi yang terkuat di seluruh belahan bumi selatan.</span><br />
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<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; line-height: 1.4;">Kekuatan utama Indonesia di saat Trikora itu adalah salahsatu kapal perang terbesar dan tercepat di dunia buatan Sovyet dari kelas Sverdlov, dengan 12 meriam raksasa kaliber 6 inchi. Ini adalah KRI Irian, dengan bobot raksasa 16.640 ton dengan awak sebesar 1270 orang termasuk 60 perwira. Sovyet, tidak pernah sekalipun memberikan kapal sekuat ini pada bangsa lain manapun, kecuali Indonesia. (kapal-kapal terbaru Indonesia sekarang dari kelas Sigma hanya berbobot 1600 ton).</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="fullpost" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7MfFxSwYMxuOYbm1pE_nSGQ80wAbrgyColKGwp0qALWtgPjqHbxLpxpg287EgvAgJQaQQItOyzVO3xcz_FSeqhfy0jaFDSpUcqTiVd3GUtSDhk8NRZibyKDe405uUPgY_BCY6UPXKPDuU/s1600/ship2.png" style="color: #6699cc; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7MfFxSwYMxuOYbm1pE_nSGQ80wAbrgyColKGwp0qALWtgPjqHbxLpxpg287EgvAgJQaQQItOyzVO3xcz_FSeqhfy0jaFDSpUcqTiVd3GUtSDhk8NRZibyKDe405uUPgY_BCY6UPXKPDuU/s400/ship2.png" height="285" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span class="fullpost"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; line-height: 1.4;">Angkatan udara Indonesia juga menjadi salah satu armada udara paling mematikan di dunia, yang terdiri dari lebih dari 100 pesawat tercanggih saat itu. Armada ini terdiri dari :</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.4;">1. 20 pesawat pemburu supersonic MiG-21 Fishbed.</span></span></span></span></div>
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</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.4;">2. 30 pesawat MiG-15</span></div>
</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.4;">3. 49 pesawat tempur high-subsonic MiG-17.</span></div>
</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.4;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.4;">4. 10 pesawat supersonic MiG-19.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.4;">Indonesia juga memiliki armada 26 pembom jarak jauh strategis Tu-16 Tupolev (Badger A dan B). Ini membuat Indonesia menjadi salahsatu dari hanya 4 bangsa di dunia yang mempunyai pembom strategis, yaitu Amerika, Rusia, dan Inggris. Pangkalannya terletak di Lapangan Udara Iswahyudi, Surabaya.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.4;">Bahkan China dan Australia pun belum memiliki pesawat pembom strategis seperti ini. Pembom ini juga dilengkapi berbagai peralatan elektronik canggih dan rudal khusus anti kapal perang AS-1 Kennel, yang daya ledaknya bisa dengan mudah menenggelamkan kapal-kapal tempur Barat.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.4;">Indonesia juga memiliki 12 kapal selam kelas Whiskey, puluhan kapal tempur kelas Corvette, 9 helikopter terbesar di dunia MI-6, 41 helikopter MI-4, berbagai pesawat pengangkut termasuk pesawat pengangkut berat Antonov An-12B. Total, Indonesia mempunyai 104 unit kapal tempur. Belum lagi ribuan senapan serbu terbaik saat itu dan masih menjadi legendaris sampai saat ini, AK-47.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; line-height: 1.4;">Ini semua membuat Indonesia menjadi salasahtu kekuatan militer laut dan udara terkuat di dunia. Begitu hebat efeknya, sehingga Amerika di bawah pimpinan John F. Kennedy memaksa Belanda untuk segera keluar dari Papua, dan menyatakan dalam forum PBB bahwa peralihan kekuasaan di Papua, dari Belanda ke Indonesia adalah sesuatu yang bisa diterima.</span></div>
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